<h3>Are The Supplements You're Taking Good Quality Supplements?</h3>
While everyone loves a bargain, there are some problems with shopping for supplements using only price as a guideline. The difference in quality between different brands of supplements is often considerable. The supplement quality issue alone makes it important that you get professional help with your nutritional supplementation.
<h3>Coronavirus and Supplementation</h3>
Plus, since people with low immunity are at a higher risk for coronavirus, then it would be a good idea to boost our immune systems in order to reduce our risk of acquiring it. Supplementation is one part of boosting our immunity. Following a healthy lifestyle, and eating a proper diet will help as well.

There are many micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, etc.) that research has shown are very beneficial to our health, and in particular, very beneficial to our immune systems.
<h4><strong>Vitamin D Helps Reduce Viral Upper Respiratory Infections </strong></h4>
Vitamin D is associated with a reduction in the incidence of colds and influenza.  People with lower vitamin D levels have a higher the prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections from viruses like coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza. And a single high-dose of vitamin D, combined with antibiotics has been shown to improve, and resolve pneumonia.1

Animal models are useful for studying the results of micronutrients, as it allows researchers to cause illness, and observe the direct results of treatment. Such studies have shown that various antioxidants, such as alpha lipoic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin E are beneficial in the premedication of Acute Respiratory Distress. In other words, if antioxidants are already in the system, treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress is more effective. <strong>(18)</strong>

Of course, we need to do more than just take nutritional supplements, such as eat well, get regular restorative sleep, reduce stress, exercise, maintain a healthy weight, not smoke, use alcohol in moderation or not at all, etc. All these factors affect your immune system’s ability to keep you healthy.

Viral upper respiratory tract infections occur frequently in young people who are overly stressed. The immune system is suppressed from excessive exercise, emotional stress, and lack of sleep. One case study showed that a combination of improved sleep, vitamin D supplementation, along with quercetin (a flavonoid antioxidant) significantly reduced the frequency of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. <strong>(19)</strong>
<h4><strong>Various Flavonoid Antioxidants, Such as Quercetin, Stilbenes, and Grape Seed Extract, Demonstrate Anti-Viral Activity</strong></h4>
<img class="wp-image-1666 alignright" src="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_64367068-sm-1024x683.jpg" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" srcset="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_64367068-sm-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_64367068-sm-300x200.jpg 300w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_64367068-sm-768x512.jpg 768w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_64367068-sm-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_64367068-sm.jpg 1800w" alt="" width="400" height="267" />Flavonoid antioxidants, such as quercetin and resveratrol exhibit anti-viral activity against common viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections, including influenza A (H1N1) and B. (20 – 26) Of note, <strong>stilbene</strong> derivatives, (including resveratrol), quercitin derivatives, and the compounds found in green tea extract, have shown anti-viral activity against the SARS coronavirus. <strong>(27 – 30)</strong> Since COVID-19 is essentially SARS2, you cannot blame anyone using such micronutrients at this time.

Grape seed extract (proanthocyanidin bioflavonoid) exhibit potent antioxidant capacity, as well as anti‑bacterial, anti‑viral, anti‑carcinogenic, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑allergic actions. One significant way respiratory viruses cause death is by  causing an overwhelming system-wide inflammation, known as cytokine storm. Respiratory viruses cause inflammation in the epithelial cells of the lungs (as does COVID-19), and increase the risk of respiratory distress and pneumonia. Grape seed extract inhibits the abnormal release of proinflammatory cytokines caused by the virus. <strong>(31)</strong>

I have been recommending high quality supplements to my patients since 1995, and although retired from medical practice, I have been actively researching nutritional supplements for over 25 years. If you knew what I know about the benefits of quality supplements, you would never miss a day of taking what I take, especially now with this pandemic; particularly if you have an underlying chronic illness.

We know that a low immunity increases the risk of infections, and it stands to reason, that boosting immunity will give you a fighting chance to remain healthy. If nothing else, if you get sick, by boosting immunity, your immune system will be primed to deal with viruses and bacteria, and have the energy needed to cope with the illness, reduce the risk of complications, and shorten the recovery time.

Although, I have been taking a wide range of quality nutritional supplements, twice daily for over 25 years, since COVID-19 first started showing in the U.S, I increased the dose of certain supplements that I have already been taking, particularly a quality beta glucan supplement with zinc, and a quality grape seed extract with vitamin C. If you are not yet taking quality nutritional supplements, such as what I listed below, consider doing so, after first consulting with your own licensed health care professional, of course.
<h4><strong>Beta Glucan Supplement</strong></h4>
<img class="alignright wp-image-1360" src="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_102957589-sm-1024x680.jpg" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" srcset="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_102957589-sm-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_102957589-sm-300x199.jpg 300w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_102957589-sm-768x510.jpg 768w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_102957589-sm-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_102957589-sm.jpg 1600w" alt="" width="400" height="266" />

Biologically-active beta glucan polysaccharides are one of the most studied micronutrient immunomodulators that have multiple modes of action. According to many studies, they exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral activity, and are therefore an obvious choice for preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections caused by the rhinoviruses and coronaviruses. <strong>(32)</strong> Beta glucans have proven therapeutic and preventive anti-viral effects against respiratory tract infections in children, adults, and elite athletes. <strong>(33)</strong>

Beta glucans are fiber polysaccharides derived from the cell membranes of the reishi and shiitake mushrooms, as well as from baker’s yeast extract (Saccharomyces <em>cerevisiae</em>). These polysaccharides (chains of sugar molecules) do not breakdown in the stomach, and therefore do not have any impact on blood glucose levels, nor provide calories. The molecules pass into the intestines and then bloodstream, where they exert their effects on the white blood cells of the immune system.
<h4><strong>Beta Glucans Activate Various White Blood Cells</strong></h4>
Beta glucan polysaccharides directly modulate (activate or trigger) white blood cells, called macrophages, to more effectively attack and kill bacteria, mold/yeast, viruses, and cancer cells. In addition, through cytokine cell signaling, beta glucans trigger B lymphocytes and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (another type of white blood cells), to activate a complement and antibody response, to create a “one-two” knock-out punch to kill bacteria, cancer cells, viruses, and cells infected with viruses. Through triggering cell-signaling messenger cytokines, beta glucans trigger other white blood cells, called Natural Killer Cells to be armed with cytotoxic chemicals to be able to destroy bacteria, mold/yeast, viruses, and cancer cells.

Beta glucans have been shown to reduce the number of viral upper respiratory tract infections (common colds, which are caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses), and even improves mood. <strong>(34)</strong>  One study among people between the ages of 50 – 70, showed that daily supplementation with beta glucans protected against contracting viral upper respiratory tract infections, and reduced the duration of the symptoms once infected. <strong>(35)</strong>
<h4><strong>Beta Glucans Modulate a Healthy Immune Response and Prevent Cytokine Storm </strong></h4>
Beta glucans heighten, or sharpen the immune response when needed, without causing an over-reaction.

Viral and bacterial respiratory infections can cause organ failure and death through causing widespread inflammation, known as cytokine storm. Cytokines are cell signaling biochemicals, some of which are pro-inflammatory. Cytokines recruit white blood cells to fight infections. Beta glucans cause a normal physiological release of pro-inflammatory cytokines for the recruitment of white blood cells. Most significantly, beta glucans also help prevent the over-reaction caused by the virus, specifically, cytokine storm. <strong>(36)</strong>

In addition to their anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal effect, beta glucan polysaccharides demonstrate anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer properties. The first mechanisms of action begins in the gut, where the beta glucans act as prebiotics for the digestive bacteria (probiotics). In addition beta glucans exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and additional immuno-modulating activities.
<h4><strong>Micronutrients Work Synergistically with Other Micronutrients</strong></h4>
Beta glucans work synergistically with other supplements, to work better together to prevent and fight infections of all types. Various micronutrients work synergistically with beta-glucan, such as vitamin D, vitamin C, resveratrol, quercetin, elderberry extract, and grape seed extract.

From all that I have studied and experienced, beta glucans are so powerful in exerting antiviral activity, I believe this is one critical supplement to be taking at this time.

Organ transplant recepients should NOT take beta glucans, on the chance that beta glucans may cause the immune system to overcome the immuno-suppressant medications and damage the transplanted organ.

For those with an autoimmune disease, you may wish to avoid beta glucan supplements on the theoretical risk of causing the immune system to flareup. However, from all reports I have heard for over three years now, those with autoimmune disorders who are taking 550 mg of beta glucan polysaccharides per day are not experiencing flareups. I only make this warning out of an abundance of caution.

It is imperative to understand that I am providing my suggestions and considerations as information only, not as medical advice. Please see the medical disclaimer in the footer about consulting with your personal physician.
<h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4>
<img class="alignright wp-image-1362" src="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_20489962-sm-1024x768.jpg" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" srcset="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_20489962-sm-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_20489962-sm-300x225.jpg 300w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_20489962-sm-768x576.jpg 768w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_20489962-sm-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/AdobeStock_20489962-sm.jpg 1600w" alt="" width="400" height="300" />Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that inhabit our intestines. They are among many bacteria that make up our microbiome. Among many roles that the microbiome plays, supporting the immune system is a critical one. <strong>(37, 38)</strong>

Most people do not have a healthy, or at least optimal microbiome. To support your gastro-intestinal tract, reduce gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, improve digestion, improve mood, and support your immune system, consider taking probiotics daily.

The probiotics that have scientifically shown to be beneficial to seed the microbiome, to create a beneficial milieu for other beneficial bacteria to flourish, and stave off the bad bacteria, provide numerous benefits, including reducing upper respiratory infections, are Bifidobacterium BB-12 and Lactobacillus <em>rhamnosus </em>LGG. <strong>(39 – 42)</strong> These two strains can remain viable for up to 18 months at room temperature, and they survive the harsh acidic environment of the stomach, and pass into the intestines to duplicate rapidly to establish a healthy microbiome.
<h4><strong>A Boost of Vitamin C with Elderberry Extract, Zinc, and Echinacea</strong></h4>
Another supplement that may provide beneficial effects for respiratory infections, at least in the short-term (8 weeks or less), is echinacea.  Studies are mixed on its benefits, but it is seems to be more effective when combined with other micronutrients, particularly when combined with vitamin C, zinc, and elderberry extract. <strong>(43 – 46)</strong>

Since echinacea should not be used for more than 8 weeks, as it may elevate liver enzymes, or have a negative effect on immunity, I suggest reserving this supplement when actually feeling an illness coming on.
<h3><a name="fourteen"></a><strong>Dr. Ladd’s Nutritional Supplement Considerations to Support Your Immune System</strong></h3>
The following is the basic protocol for supporting the immune system. This is not intended as medical advice, but as information only. Please consult your own personal physician prior to starting a supplement regimen. Please read full disclaimer in the footer of this webpage.

Note: When taking supplements, remember that quality pure raw ingredients and quality manufacturing of potent supplements make a huge difference in effectiveness. Not all supplements are created equally.
<ul>
 	<li><strong><img class="alignright wp-image-1365" src="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MyDaily-Ladd-handful-1-1024x644.jpg" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" srcset="https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MyDaily-Ladd-handful-1-1024x644.jpg 1024w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MyDaily-Ladd-handful-1-300x189.jpg 300w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MyDaily-Ladd-handful-1-768x483.jpg 768w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MyDaily-Ladd-handful-1-1536x965.jpg 1536w, https://laddmcnamara.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/MyDaily-Ladd-handful-1-2048x1287.jpg 2048w" alt="" width="400" height="251" />Wide-Spectrum of Vitamin-Antioxidant Supplement, (preferrably one that also includes quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, olive extract, among many other micronutrients), Twice Daily</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Multi-Mineral Supplement, (one that provides selenium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, mangenese, as well as many other minerals), Twice Daily</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Pure Fish Oil, Twice Daily</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Vitamin D, 6000 – 10,000 IU (150 – 250 mcg) per day</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Grape Seed Extract, 200 – 400 mg, Twice Daily</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Beta Glucan Polysaccharide (extracts derived from reishi and shiitake mushrooms, as well as baker’s yeast extract, preferably with zinc) 225 – 550 mg, Twice Daily.</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Probiotics, (Bifidobacterium BB-12 and Lactobacillus <em>rhamnosus </em>LGG), Once per Day.</strong></li>
</ul>
If you are not sure what quality brand to take, feel free to contact me regarding what I take, knowing that there is no claim being made that it can prevent or cure COVID-19.
<h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3>
Do not fear, do not panic, and do not hoard. Let’s be aware of those most at risk, and be kind to one another. Most of all, let’s not allow ourselves to knowingly put others at risk. We can mitigate this pandemic, by protecting ourselves and others. We are all in this together, and together we will get through this.

Herbs, vitamins and minerals are meant to be utilized by the body, to help with physiology and biochemistry. Think of wine or ice cream. The only physiologic concern with these products is taste, but what a difference between the quality of a cheap product and a good one. Compare the taste of a premium ice cream to the cheap store brand. Compare inexpensive wine to Lafite Rothschild. It should be obvious that the difference between the quality of vitamins and herbs should be at least as great.

Quality and bioavailability are important. Bioavailability has to do with how well the supplement is utilized by the body. There is gasoline in coal, you just can’t run your car on it. Similarly, there are ingredients listed on a supplement’s label that are as useless to your body as coal is to your automobile.

What about the quality of components? Take calcium, for example. Oyster shell has calcium, but the body can’t use it (just like your car can’t use the gasoline in coal). Calcium carbonate is cheap, but is not well absorbed. Calcium citrate is much more expensive than the oyster shell or the carbonate. A high quality supplement will use the citrate, a poor one will use oyster shell. There are similar quality issues for just about every vitamin and herb.

Many companies don’t actually produce their own vitamins, and they don’t test what they buy. Without testing, you can be lied to about the content of the product. Second, by the time the product changes hands several times, anywhere along the line someone can substitute cheaper or even phony ingredients and not be held accountable. The product can be contaminated when it changes hands. Sometimes the label claims are fraudulent.

Are the products tested for quality or for contaminants? Where did the materials come from? Most of the botanicals purchased in the US come from the Far East. There are manufacturing practices in some Third World countries that would surprise many Americans.

How is the tablet or capsule made? Bioavailability can be affected by something as simple as how the tablet is made. Many manufacturers use inert ingredients that interfere with the absorption of the nutrients. Even capsules can contain inert ingredients that interfere with absorption.

There’s a lot to know when buying supplements and herbs. When you learn about product quality, they will realize that self-treatment with bargain basement supplements is not a good idea.

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<ol>
 	<li>Slow S, et al. Effect of adjunctive single high-dose vitamin D3 on outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised adults: The VIDCAPS randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 14;8(1):13829.</li>
</ol>
McNamara, Ladd. "Covid-19fighting fear and the coronavirus pandemic with precautions and quality supplements." <i>medRxiv</i>(2020).